Journal Article Epublish 1 citation
PubMed: 40802847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1013350
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis alters the antibody response to HIV-1.
PLoS Pathog 21(8):e1013350
Authors: Marius Zeeb, Katharina Kusejko, Sonja Hartnack, Chloé Pasin, Irene A Abela, Peter Rusert, Thomas Liechti, Claus Kadelka, Julia Notter, Anna Eichenberger, Matthias Hoffmann, Hans H Hirsch, Alexandra Calmy, Matthias Cavassini, Niklaus D Labhardt, Enos Bernasconi, Huldrych F Günthard, Roger D Kouyos, Alexandra Trkola, Johannes Nemeth
Affiliations
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, Cantonal Hospital Sankt Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Olten Cantonal Hospital, Olten, Switzerland.
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway.
- Department Biomedicine, Transplantation and Clinical Virology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- HIV/AIDS Unit, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Division Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Repubblica e Cantone Ticino Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland.
- University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Co-infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) differentially modulates untreated HIV-1 infection, with asymptomatic MTB reducing HIV-1 viremia and opportunistic infections and active tuberculosis (TB) accelerating AIDS progression. Here, we investigate antibody (Ab) responses to HIV-1 in people with HIV (PWH) without MTB, with asymptomatic MTB, and with later progression to active TB to elucidate MTB-associated effects on HIV-1 immune control.
METHODS
Using the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS), we conducted a retrospective study that included 2,840 PWH with data on MTB status and HIV-1-specific plasma binding-/neutralizing-responses. We evaluated associations between MTB status and binding-/neutralizing-responses while adjusting for key disease and demographic parameters.
RESULTS
Among the included 2,840 PWH, 263 PWH had asymptomatic MTB based on either a positive TST-/IGRA-test at the baseline (time of HIV-1 Ab measurement) or on later progression to active TB. Compared to PWH without MTB infection, PWH with asymptomatic MTB infection showed reduced HIV-1 Ab levels, both for Env binding (e.g., IgG1 BG505 trimer antigen, p = 0.024) and neutralization of a diverse panel of HIV-1 viruses (p = 0.012). Conversely, PWH (n = 32) who later progressed to active TB (>180 days after baseline) demonstrated a significant shift towards IgG3 in their HIV-1 Ab repertoire (p = 0.011), detectable in median 3.8 years (IQR 2.4 - 8.7) before active TB onset.
CONCLUSION
Our data indicate that asymptomatic MTB infection and active TB exert profound heterologous effects on HIV-1 specific Ab development. These findings advance our understanding of host-pathogen dynamics and may have implications for new diagnostic approaches in predicting future active TB.
MeSH
Hiv-1, Antibody Formation, Mycobacterium, Hiv, Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Infections