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Publications

Journal Article Comparative Study Epublish 1 citation

PubMed: 40806003 DOI: 10.3390/nu17152420

Association Between Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Scores in a Large Working Population: A Comparative Study Between the Commerce and Industry Sectors.

Nutrients 17(15)

Authors: María Pilar Fernández-Figares Vicioso, Pere Riutord Sbert, José Ignacio Ramírez-Manent, Ángel Arturo López-González, José Luis Del Barrio Fernández, María Teófila Vicente Herrero

Affiliations

  • Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome Group, Spanish Association of Specialists in Occupational Medicine, 28012 Madrid, Spain.
  • ADEMA-Health Group of IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.
  • Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IDISBA), 07120 Palma, Spain.
  • Faculty of Medicine, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.
  • Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28032 Madrid, Spain.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major global health concern influenced by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. This study compared T2D risk scores between commerce and industry sectors and assessed the associations of age, sex, education, physical activity, diet, and smoking with elevated risk.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study included 56,856 men and 12,872 women employed in the commerce (n = 27,448) and industry (n = 42,280) sectors across Spain. Anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. Four validated T2D risk scores (QDscore, Finrisk, Canrisk, and TRAQ-D) were calculated. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for high-risk categories by sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics.

RESULTS

Women in the industrial sector had significantly higher age, BMI, waist circumference, and lipid levels than those in commerce; differences among men were less marked. Across all participants, higher T2D risk scores were independently associated with physical inactivity (OR up to 12.49), poor Mediterranean diet adherence (OR up to 6.62), industrial employment (OR up to 1.98), and older age. Male sex was strongly associated with high Canrisk scores (OR = 6.31; 95% CI: 5.12-7.51).

CONCLUSIONS

Employment in the industrial sector, combined with sedentary behavior and poor dietary habits, is independently associated with higher predicted T2D risk. Workplace prevention strategies should prioritize multicomponent interventions targeting modifiable risk factors, especially in high-risk subgroups such as older, less-educated, and inactive workers.

MeSH

Diabetes Mellitus, Exercise, Life Style, Diet, Mediterranean, Diet, Food, Commerce, Sex, Sedentary Behavior, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2