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Publications

Journal Article Epublish

PubMed: 41458174 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2025.1737941

Comparative evaluation of the physicochemical and biological properties of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials.

Front Dent Med 6:1737941

Authors: Juan Carlos Hernández-Cabanillas, Louis Hardan, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Iván Olivares-Acosta, Anh Tuan Dang, Vincenzo Tosco, Naji Kharouf, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Youssef Haikel, Rim Bourgi

Affiliations

  • Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Valle de las Palmas-UABC, Blvd Universitario, Tijuana, Mexico.
  • Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
  • Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
  • Faculty of Dentistry, Haiphong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Haiphong, Vietnam.
  • Department of Odonto-Stomatology, Haiphong Medical University Hospital, Haiphong, Vietnam.
  • Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
  • Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, INSERM UMR_S 1121, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
  • Department of Endodontics and Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
  • Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
  • Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
  • Department of Restorative Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Understanding the performance of calcium silicate-based pulp capping materials is essential for clinicians seeking to preserve pulp vitality in cases of carious exposure, dental trauma, or developmental defects.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to compare the physicochemical and biological properties of four pulp capping materials: Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine®, TheraCal LC, and TheraCal PT.

METHODS

Compressive strength, shear bond strength to composite resin, radiopacity, in vitro biomineralization, and cytocompatibility with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were evaluated under standardized conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test (α = 0.05).

RESULTS

TheraCal PT exhibited the highest compressive and bond strength (p < 0.001), while MTA showed the greatest radiopacity (p < 0.001). Biodentine and MTA demonstrated superior biomineralization with abundant calcium phosphate crystal formation. In cell viability assays, Biodentine and TheraCal PT performed similarly to the control (p > 0.024), whereas Biodentine and TheraCal LC showed significantly reduced viability (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Resin-modified materials offer advantages in mechanical performance and bonding but may compromise biomineralization and biocompatibility. Water-based materials like MTA remain superior in bioactivity and cellular response. Clinicians should balance physical properties with biological outcomes when selecting pulp capping agents.

MeSH

Cells, Biomineralization, Dental Pulp Capping, Calcium, Analysis Of Variance