Abstract

BACKGROUND

Glucagon-like peptide receptors-1 agonists (GLP-1 agonists) have revolutionized the treatment of obesity and diabetes due to their potent effects on weight and glycemic control, and cardiorenal protection. However, emerging reports and post-marketing surveillance have raised concerns regarding erectile dysfunction (ED) or impotence in a subset of male patients.

AIM

To assess the association between GLP-1 agonists, ED, total (TT) and free testosterone (FT), sex hormone binding globulins (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH).

METHODS

We systematically searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science in November and December 2026 for articles examining the association between GLP-1 agonists and ED, with no publication date restriction. However, only articles published in the English language were eligible. The terms used were GLP-1 agonists, ED, semaglutide, liraglutide, ozympic, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, and Impotence.

RESULTS

One hundred seventy-two articles were found; after removing duplicates, 63 remained, of which 12 full texts were screened, and 7 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. Seven studies involving 237 males were included. GLP-1 agonist therapy improved ED score with a significant statistical difference, MD = 2.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64-3.83. A significant increase was found regarding TT, SHBG, and FSH, MD 73.04, 95%CI: 16.91-129.17, MD 7.00, 95%CI: 1.71-12.30, and MD 0.46, 95%CI: 0.01-0.91 respectively.

CONCLUSION

No significant differences were evident regarding the FT, and LH. GLP-1 agonists significantly improved ED, TT, SHBG, and FSH in males, no effects were observed on FT, and LH; larger randomized trials are needed.

MeSH

Glucagon-Like Peptide Receptors, Erectile Dysfunction, Hormones, Glucagon, Therapeutics