Dominique Costagliola, an expert in biostatistics, epidemiology, public health and drug evaluation, is Emeritus Research Director at INSERM's Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (Sorbonne University, INSERM), where she was Director from 2014 to 2018, then Deputy Director from 2019 to August 2021. She was awarded the Inserm Research Prize in 2013 for her research into HIV/AIDS infection, which began in 1986, and has been a member of the Académie des Sciences since 2017. In 2020 she was awarded the INSERM Grand Prix for her involvement in research into COVID-19.

She studies the hidden parameters of HIV infection (incidence, timing of mother-to-child transmission, cascade, ...), strategies for using antiretroviral treatments, and severe morbidity, particularly cancers and cardiovascular disease in people living with HIV. More recently she has been working in the field of HIV and STI prevention. She is co-leader of a work-package in the EU-Response project, which aims to set up an operational clinical research network in Europe in the field of emerging transmissible diseases.

In addition to her research activities, she is heavily involved in health expertise and decision support for the Ministry of Health and various agencies, as well as in scientific evaluation in France and Europe (including ERC). During the COVID-19 epidemic, she was a member of the Covid-19 Scientific Advisory Board of the ANRS MIE (formerly REACTing) and was heavily involved in the evaluation of research projects on the disease in France and Europe. She was a member of the European High Level Expert Group proposing a roadmap towards stabilisation of the Covid-19 pandemic in the WHO European Region (2021-2023). She is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of ANRS-MIE. Since June 2017, she has been a member of the Association AIDES and its Board of Directors.