1. MD, University of Helsinki Finland 1971
2. Specialist in ophthalmology, University of Tampere Finland 1977.
3. PhD, University of Tampere Finland, 1986, thesis: “The wearing of spectacles and occurrence of myopia”
4. 45 years of myopia research
5. Adjunct professor, University of Turku Finland, 1994
6. Chief doctor, Ophthalmic department Hospital Kristiinankaupunki, Finland 1977-1979
7. Ophthalmologist, Central hospital of Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland 1979-2010
8. -Chief ophthalmologist 1994-2010
9. Researcher and senior researcher, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland from 1980 and continuing.
10. Private practice and partner in companies doing different kind of ophthalmic surgery and refractive surgery, Jyväskylä Finland 1988-2010
11. Main topic of research has been myopia, beginning 1980. Other main topics have focused on genetics in refraction and myopia, cataract surgery and tamsulosin, epidemic nephropathy, intraocular lenses, geriatric and ophthalmological epidemiology.
12. The follow-up study which began in 1982 among 9 to 12-year-old myopic children is continuing
13. More than a hundred scientific publications (mostly dealing topics related to myopia)

Summary on participation in various associations related to ophthalmology:

- board member and chairman The Finnish Society of Contact Lenses, 1986-1994

- Finnish representative in ECLSO (European Contact Lens Society for Ophthalmologists), 1993-1996

- Bord member and chairman in Finnish Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (FSCRS), 2002-2006

-Vice chairman of the Finnish Society of Ophthalmologists, 1997-1999

-Vice chairman in the Association of Medical Contact Lens and Optics (Finnish Ophthalmogists).1994-1996

-invited participants in the joint meeting with WHO and Brian Holden Vision institute in Sidney in 2015. The WHO report: “The Impact of Myopia and High Myopia”

- editorial board member of Acta Ophthalmologica

- reviewer in several ophthalmological journals.

- member of the CREAM consortium (genetic studies of myopia) since 2012

- member of CRAM kids (international consortium to study childhood myopia)

- member of MRC consortium (project which aims, using artificial intelligence/machine learning models, to predict progression of myopia)

- advisory Board member, Santen Emea