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PubMed: 27650269 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14330
Rates and risk factors of hypertension in adolescents and adults with sickle cell anaemia in Tanzania: 10 years' experience.
Br J Haematol 177(6):930-937
Authors: Abel Makubi, Bruno P Mmbando, Enrico M Novelli, Johnson Lwakatare, Deogratius Soka, Harvest Marik, Kemi Tibarazwa, Mariam Ngaeje, Charles R Newton, Mark T Gladwin, Julie Makani
Affiliations
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Muhimbili Wellcome Programme, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- National Institute of Medical Research, Tanga, Tanzania.
- Department of Medicine, Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, London, UK.
Abstract
Data on the magnitude and risk factors for hypertension in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) are limited. A retrospective analysis of individuals with SCA aged ≥15 years enrolled from 2004-2014 at Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania was conducted to determine the prevalence, incidence and risk factors for hypertension. A total of 1013 individuals with SCA were analysed, of whom 571(56%) were females. The median age [interquartile range] was 17 [15-22] years. Four hundred and forty-one (44%) of the patients had relative hypertension [systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120-139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 70-89 mmHg], and 79 (8%) had hypertension (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg). The incidence of hypertension was 64/1000 person years of observation and the 5-year survival rate was 0·71 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0·67-0·75]. In multivariate analysis, age>18 years, Hazard ratio (HR) 1·50 (95% CI: 1·03-2·18); pulse pressure, HR 0·64 (95% CI: 0·42 to 0·98); pulse rate, 1·02 (95% CI: 1·01-1·03); body mass index (BMI), HR 1·08 (95% CI: 1·03-1·13); blood transfusion, HR 2·50 (95% CI: 1·01-6·21) and haemoglobin, HR 1·12 (95% CI: 1·05-1·33) were independently associated with hypertension. In conclusion, despite the younger age, hypertension in this population was higher than that reported in others studies. Age, BMI, pulse pressure and haemoglobin were independently associated with hypertension in SCA.
MeSH
Cells, Hypertension, Hematology, Blood, Incidence, Anemia, Blood Pressure, Adolescent, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pulse
Cited by
- A ten year review of the sickle cell program in Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania. BMC Hematol, 2018
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors of relative systemic hypertension and hypertension among sickle cell patients in Cameroon. Front Med (Lausanne), 2022
- Impact of relative systemic hypertension on the heart in sickle cell anaemia. Indian Heart J, 2021
- Factors associated with blood pressure variation in sickle cell disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Expert Rev Hematol, 2022