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Publications

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review Ppublish 101 citations

PubMed: 34713636 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12224

Tumor organoids: synergistic applications, current challenges, and future prospects in cancer therapy.

Cancer Commun (Lond) 41(12):1331-1353

Authors: Jingjing Qu, Farhin Shaheed Kalyani, Li Liu, Tianli Cheng, Lijun Chen

Affiliations

  • Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China. Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.
  • Department of Respiratory Disease, Thoracic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.
  • Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology Department, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.
  • Thoracic Medicine Department 1, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P. R. China.
  • State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, P. R. China.

Abstract

Patient-derived cancer cells (PDCs) and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) are often used as tumor models, but have many shortcomings. PDCs not only lack diversity in terms of cell type, spatial organization, and microenvironment but also have adverse effects in stem cell cultures, whereas PDX are expensive with a low transplantation success rate and require a long culture time. In recent years, advances in three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture technology have led to the development of novel physiological systems that model the tissues of origin more precisely than traditional culture methods. Patient-derived cancer organoids bridge the conventional gaps in PDC and PDX models and closely reflect the pathophysiological features of natural tumorigenesis and metastasis, and have led to new patient-specific drug screening techniques, development of individualized treatment regimens, and discovery of prognostic biomarkers and mechanisms of resistance. Synergistic combinations of cancer organoids with other technologies, for example, organ-on-a-chip, 3D bio-printing, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated homology-independent organoid transgenesis, and with treatments, such as immunotherapy, have been useful in overcoming their limitations and led to the development of more suitable model systems that recapitulate the complex stroma of cancer, inter-organ and intra-organ communications, and potentially multiorgan metastasis. In this review, we discuss various methods for the creation of organ-specific cancer organoids and summarize organ-specific advances and applications, synergistic technologies, and treatments as well as current limitations and future prospects for cancer organoids. Further advances will bring this novel 3D organoid culture technique closer to clinical practice in the future.

MeSH

Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Neoplasm Metastasis, Cells, Therapeutics, Neoplasms, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Transmission, Organoids, Tumor Microenvironment

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