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Publications

Journal Article Epublish 16 citations

PubMed: 37790281 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107915

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines and their effect on HIV reservoir in older people with HIV.

iScience 26(10):107915

Authors: Vitaliy A Matveev, Erik Z Mihelic, Erika Benko, Patrick Budylowski, Sebastian Grocott, Terry Lee, Chapin S Korosec, Karen Colwill, Henry Stephenson, Ryan Law, Lesley A Ward, Salma Sheikh-Mohamed, Geneviève Mailhot, Melanie Delgado-Brand, Adrian Pasculescu, Jenny H Wang, Freda Qi, Tulunay Tursun, Lela Kardava, Serena Chau, Philip Samaan, Annam Imran, Dennis C Copertino, Gary Chao, Yoojin Choi, Robert J Reinhard, Rupert Kaul, Jane M Heffernan, R Brad Jones, Tae-Wook Chun, Susan Moir, Joel Singer, Jennifer Gommerman, Anne-Claude Gingras, Colin Kovacs, Mario Ostrowski

Affiliations

  • Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
  • Maple Leaf Medical Clinic, Toronto ON M5G 1K2, Canada.
  • Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
  • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
  • CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
  • Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences (CHÉOS), Vancouver BC V6Z IY6, Canada.
  • Modelling Infection and Immunity Lab, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
  • Centre for Disease Modelling, Mathematics and Statistics Department, York University, Toronto ON M3J 1P3, Canada.
  • Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto ON M5G 1X5, Canada.
  • Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 0E9, Canada.
  • Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
  • Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
  • Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA.
  • Independent Public/Global Health Consultant, San Francisco, CA 94114, USA.
  • Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
  • School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
  • Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
  • Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
  • Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health, Toronto ON M5B 1W8, Canada.

Abstract

Older individuals and people with HIV (PWH) were prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination, yet comprehensive studies of the immunogenicity of these vaccines and their effects on HIV reservoirs are not available. Our study on 68 PWH and 23 HIV-negative participants aged 55 and older post-three vaccine doses showed equally strong anti-spike IgG responses in serum and saliva through week 48 from baseline, while PWH salivary IgA responses were low. PWH had diminished live-virus neutralization responses after two vaccine doses, which were 'rescued' post-booster. Spike-specific T cell immunity was enhanced in PWH with normal CD4 T cell count, suggesting Th1 imprinting. The frequency of detectable HIV viremia increased post-vaccination, but vaccines did not affect the size of the HIV reservoir in most PWH, except those with low-level viremia. Thus, older PWH require three doses of COVID-19 vaccine for maximum protection, while individuals with unsuppressed viremia should be monitored for adverse reactions from HIV reservoirs.

MeSH

Cells, Vaccines, Covid-19 Vaccines, Vaccination, Hiv, Covid-19, Viremia

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