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Observational Study Journal Article Epublish 37 citations

PubMed: 38200498 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04814-z

Sex-differences in Mediterranean diet: a key piece to explain sex-related cardiovascular risk in obesity? A cross-sectional study.

J Transl Med 22(1):44

Authors: Luigi Barrea, Ludovica Verde, Rosario Suárez, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Celina Andrade Vásquez, Annamaria Colao, Silvia Savastano, Giovanna Muscogiuri

Affiliations

  • Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, 80143, Naples, Italy.
  • Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
  • Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
  • Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
  • School of Medicine, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Calle París, San Cayetano Alto, Loja, 110107, Ecuador.
  • School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Av. Pdte. Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola, Guayaquil, 090615, Ecuador.
  • Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
  • Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
  • Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del Paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
  • Unità di Endocrinologia, Diabetologia e Andrologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
  • Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla Salute e Allo Sviluppo Sostenibile", University Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Mediterranean Diet (MD) has many health benefits, particularly in reducing cardiovascular risk (CVR). However, it is still little known if there are any sex differences in following this nutritional pattern and, thus, the potential sex-related repercussions on CVR in obesity. The study aimed to characterize sex-related adherence to MD and its association with CVR factors in subjects with obesity.

METHODS

A total of 968 females (33.81 ± 11.06 years; BMI 34.14 ± 7.43 kg/m) and 680 males (aged 34.77 ± 11.31years; BMI 33.77 ± 8.13 kg/m) were included in a cross-sectional observational study. Lifestyle habits, anthropometric parameters, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and adherence to MD were evaluated.

RESULTS

Females had significantly higher adherence to MD and lower hs-CRP levels than males (p < 0.001). Additionally, females consumed significantly more vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish/seafood, nuts, and sofrito sauce and less quantity of olive oil, butter, cream, margarine, red/processed meats, soda drinks (p = 0.001), red wine, and commercial sweets and confectionery than their counterparts. A PREDIMED score of ≤ 6 was associated with a significantly increased CVR in both sexes.

CONCLUSIONS

Females had higher adherence to MD, lower CVR, and different food preferences than males. Although the same PREDIMED threshold has been identified as a spy of CVR, the sex-related preference of individual foods included in the MD could explain the different impact of this nutritional pattern on CVR in both sexes.

MeSH

Cross-Sectional Studies, Biomedical Research, C-Reactive Protein, Diet, Mediterranean, Diet, Food, Sex Characteristics, Obesity, Sex, Sex Differences

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