Journal Article Epublish 36 citations
PubMed: 39772198 DOI: 10.3390/v16121892
Seasonal Shifts in Influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Other Respiratory Viruses After the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Eight-Year Retrospective Study in Jalisco, Mexico.
Viruses 16(12)
Authors: Ernestina Quintero-Salgado, Jaime Briseno-Ramírez, Gabriel Vega-Cornejo, Roberto Damian-Negrete, Gustavo Rosales-Chavez, Judith Carolina De Arcos-Jiménez
Affiliations
- State Public Health Laboratory, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Health Division, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde", Guadalajara 44280, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Health Division, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, Jalisco, Mexico. Hospital General de Occidente, Zapopan 45170, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Health Division, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, Jalisco, Mexico. Laboratory of Microbiological, Molecular and Biochemical Diagnostics (LaDiMMB), CUTlajomulco, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Health Division, Tlajomulco University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, Jalisco, Mexico. Nuevo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara "Dr. Juan I. Menchaca", Guadalajara 4340, Jalisco, Mexico.
- Laboratory of Microbiological, Molecular and Biochemical Diagnostics (LaDiMMB), CUTlajomulco, University of Guadalajara, Tlajomulco de Zuñiga 45641, Jalisco, Mexico.
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly disrupted the epidemiology of respiratory viruses, driven primarily by widespread non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing and masking. This eight-year retrospective study examines the seasonal patterns and incidence of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and other respiratory viruses across pre-pandemic, pandemic, and post-pandemic phases in Jalisco, Mexico. Weekly case counts were analyzed using an interrupted time series (ITS) model, segmenting the timeline into these three distinct phases. Significant reductions in respiratory virus circulation were observed during the pandemic, followed by atypical resurgences as NPIs were relaxed. Influenza displayed alternating subtype dominance, with influenza A H3 prevailing in 2022, influenza B surging in 2023, and influenza A H1N1 increasing thereafter, reflecting potential immunity gaps. RSV activity was marked by earlier onset and higher intensity post-pandemic. Other viruses, including human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/HEV) and parainfluenza virus (HPIV), showed altered dynamics, with some failing to return to pre-pandemic seasonality. These findings underscore the need for adaptive surveillance systems and vaccination strategies to address evolving viral patterns. Future research should investigate the long-term public health implications, focusing on vaccination, clinical outcomes, and healthcare preparedness.
MeSH
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses, Vaccines, Virology, Retrospective Studies, Respiratory Tract Infections, Vaccination, Covid-19, Influenza, Human, Viruses, Pandemics, Interrupted Time Series Analysis, Orthomyxoviridae
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