Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Review Epublish 82 citations
PubMed: 34229735 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03659-6
Infectious disease-associated encephalopathies.
Crit Care 25(1):236
Authors: Maria C Barbosa-Silva, Maiara N Lima, Denise Battaglini, Chiara Robba, Paolo Pelosi, Patricia R M Rocco, Tatiana Maron-Gutierrez
Affiliations
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão 108, sala 45, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Policlinico Hospital, IRCCS for Oncology and Neuroscience, Genoa, Italy. Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Rio de Janeiro Network on Neuroinflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Supporting Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365, Pavilhão 108, sala 45, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
- Rio de Janeiro Network on Neuroinflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Supporting Research in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract
Infectious diseases may affect brain function and cause encephalopathy even when the pathogen does not directly infect the central nervous system, known as infectious disease-associated encephalopathy. The systemic inflammatory process may result in neuroinflammation, with glial cell activation and increased levels of cytokines, reduced neurotrophic factors, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, neurotransmitter metabolism imbalances, and neurotoxicity, and behavioral and cognitive impairments often occur in the late course. Even though infectious disease-associated encephalopathies may cause devastating neurologic and cognitive deficits, the concept of infectious disease-associated encephalopathies is still under-investigated; knowledge of the underlying mechanisms, which may be distinct from those of encephalopathies of non-infectious cause, is still limited. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiology of encephalopathies associated with peripheral (sepsis, malaria, influenza, and COVID-19), emerging therapeutic strategies, and the role of neuroinflammation.
MeSH
Infections, Communicable Diseases, Brain Diseases, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cognition Disorders, Covid-19, Sars-Cov-2
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